The One World Information System (OWIS) General Enterprise Management (GEM) , Engineering, and Improvement Framework.

This document provides a framework for taking a structured, standard-based approach to improvement and decision support, built from a foundation of understanding your enterprise as a dynamic whole, within its dynamic environment, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1.  Enterprise Object

When viewing the value chain of an enterprise, (i.e., the sequence of activities that feed into an enterprise and receive from the enterprise), these activities can be categorized using the concepts in Figure 2.

Figure 2.  Management Structure

We conduct our analysis and design of your enterprise improvement effort, or in designing a decision support system for your enterprise situational dynamics within its environmental context, using the simple model of enterprise composition (catalogs/categories), relationships (container/component, predecessor/successor), and change shown in Figure 3.

 

Figure 3.  General Enterprise Model Elements

We take the general enterprise model approach to simplify enterprise management and improvement.  These object categories and the inventories of these object instances are already managed in most organizations.  The management mechanisms are within various accounting and resource management systems, where the objects are often highly characterized via descriptive attributes.  But these partial management systems are often not integrated, while many of their object attributes often inaccurately duplicate the same attributes in other systems, and are thus not able to present the larger picture of the enterprise from that object’s viewpoint. 

 

At the same, many of the existing information management systems within most organizations have some portion of the associations (via their highly bounded “entity/relationship/attribute” models) shown in the general enterprise model, but these collections of associations are often fragmented, inconsistent, and highly yet inaccurately redundant, and thus again cannot be used to display an accurate picture of any managed object in its larger enterprise context. 

 

Also recognizing that there are planning, tracking, and historical accounting capabilities built into many organizational management systems, it is unfortunate that most of these history/tracking/planning systems only govern a small fraction of the objects within the enterprise, their associations to each other, and the detailed attributes about them and their change.

 

We bypass the complexities caused by the above fragmentation and error-prone redundancy by starting from a single enterprise model and then linking in the existing enterprise details contained within its database, document, and message management systems.  From this consolidation of objects, associations, change, and attributes, we can begin the process of modeling the flow of processes involved in the enterprise work within its value chain.

Those seeking improvement would need access to a solid skill base in the management areas shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Example Performance Reporting Options and Priority Weighting of Effort

(Note:  The low-to-high scale arrangement of operational, tactical and strategic performance as seen from "management science" is different from the arrangement of tactical, operational, and strategic planning seen in "military science".)

The improvement team must provide a full life cycle support capability for analysis, design, and implementation of those management areas where the organization chooses to apply its resources and attention, and if directed, must support the implemented capability's operation and maintenance.   See Figure 4 and Table 1 above.   Note that in this strategic management schema, the mission is identified (either assigned or assumed) before the vision of how that mission will be carried out is defined.

 

Figure 4.  Enterprise Strategic Management Cycle

While Figure 4 represents an enterprise strategic management life cycle, Figure 5 illustrates that same enterprise management process in relation to the Information Resource management Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Seven Layer Model of the International Standards Organization (ISO).  Any functional strategy within an enterprise requires some degree of information technology, and this diagram represents a means to define the interoperability requirements within and between enterprises and their functions at each level of Strategic and IT management.

Figure 5.  Strategic Information Technology Management Model

Figure 6 illustrates an inversion of this model, again focusing on enterprise improvement efforts in the context of Information Resource management activity such as IT system or software engineering.  (See Glossary)

Figure 6.  Enterprise Management Technology Pyramid

With this increasing unitary awareness of the enterprise (see Figure 1), the improvement team is then in a position to provide appropriate management and integration support as shown in Figure 7 with a minimum of duplication or gaps.

Figure 7.  General Enterprise Management, System Integration and System Management

See Table 2, which provides a decomposition of enterprise management elements, from an accounting perspective.  The GEM approach illustrated above also covers other enterprise resource categories (items 1.1.1.1.2 through 1.1.1.1.10), beyond the Information resource (item 1.1.1.1.1).

 

Table 2.  Management Support Evaluation and Recommendation Framework

	Enterprise Management Element	Purpose	Standards and Frameworks
1	Enterprise Management	Mission (Executive, Production, and Resourcing functions) knowledge base and context awareness.	Use  CIM-metaschema- based General Enterprise Management (CIM-GEM) Information Operating System (IOS) schema.  GEM is based on an enterprise model (ref. ISO 14258) developed by Roy Roebuck, implemented using the increasingly recognized meta-level modeling approach.
1.1	Enterprise Engineering	Mission (Executive, Production, and Resourcing functions).  This level of improvement effort ensures compliance with ROI/Outsourcing decision processes such as the Federal ITMRA.	ISO Draft Standard on "Requirements for Enterprise Reference Architectures and Methodologies" (ISO 15704)
1.1.1	Enterprise Architecture	Mission (Executive, Production, and Resourcing processes) performance improvement efforts.	GERAM (ISO 15704 Appx. A), DoD Framework for Managing Process Improvement (1), Strategic Management (1) , Balanced Scorecard, GPRA, BPR
1.1.1.1	Resource Architectures	Resourcing Functions	[CIM-GEM]
1.1.1.1.1	Information Architecture		Information Engineering, US Federal CIO Council, ITMRA
1.1.1.1.1.1	Knowledge Management		NKMS/AKMS
1.1.1.1.1.2	IT Architecture	Executive, Production, and Resourcing IT function	US Federal IT Architecture Guidance, WBEM, DMTF-CIM, CIM-XML, SES/SIS-CIM, OTG-IC, and CMMI methods, e.g., for DoD Information Infrastructure (DII) programs (IT[DISN/DMS/CNT], IP[COE/GCCS/GCSS/IDM], EC[EB/EC/EDA], IA[DID-Defense In Depth and PKI)
1.1.1.1.1.2.1	System Engineering	Executive, Production, and Resourcing systems.	EIA 632/731, SE-CMM into CMMI
1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1	Software Engineering	Executive, Production, and Resourcing software.	IEEE/EIA 12207, SW-CMM into CMMI
1.1.1.1.2	Person Management Architecture	Human Resource Management	Performance Improvement
1.1.1.1.3	Financial Management Architecture	Finance and Accounting Management	US Federal CFO Council, Federal Financial Management,  Certified Financial Managers
1.1.1.1.4	Skills Management Architecture	Position and Training Management	Performance Improvement, US Federal Position Management
1.1.1.1.5	Materiel Management Architecture	Logistics Management	US Defense Logistics Agency
1.1.1.1.6	Facilities Management Architecture	Facilities Management	International Facility Management Association, US DoD Tri Service Facility Management Standards, Standard Building-Related Terminology for Facility Management
1.1.1.1.7	Services Management Architecture	Services and Contracts Management	Customer Relations Management, Supplier Relations Management, Outsourcing Management
1.1.1.1.8	Space Management Architecture	Operations, Logistics, and Facilities Management	US DoD Tri Service Spatial Data Standards
1.1.1.1.9	Time Management Architecture	Operations Management	Internet Engineering Task Force Calendar Working Group, iCalendar DTD, Roebuck Time Synchronization Hub Concept
1.1.1.1.10	Energy Management Architecture	Logistics Management	International Energy Agency

Glossary

AKMS - Artificial Knowledge Management System

BPR - Business Process Reengineering

BSC - Balanced Scorecard

CIM - OpenGroup and OMG Common Information Model

CIM-GEM - CIM-based General Enterprise Management Information System

CIM-XML - CIM implemented in XML

CMM - SEI Capability Maturity Model

CMMI - SEI Capability Maturity Model - Integrated

DII - Defense Information Infrastructure Program

DII/IC - Defense Information Infrastructure/Integration Contract

DII-EC - Electronic Commerce Program

DII-EC-EC - Electronic Commerce System

DII-EC-EDA - Electronic Document Access

DII-IA - Information Assurance Program

DII-IA-DefInDepth - Defense In Depth Program

DII-IA-PKI - Public Key Infrastructure Program

DII-IP - Information Processing Program

DII-IP-COE - Common Operating Environment Program

DII-IP-GCCS - Global Command and Control System Program

DII-IP-GCSS - Global Combat Support System Program

DII-IP-IDM - Information Dissemination Management Program

DII-IT - Information Transfer Program

DII-IT-CNT - Communications Control Program

DII-IT-DISN - Defense Information Services Network Program

DII-IT-DMS - Defense Messaging System Program

DMTF - OMG Desktop Management Task Force GPRA - U.S. Government Performance Results Act

DOORS - Dynamic Object Oriented Requirements System

GERAM - ISO 15704 General Enterprise Reference Architectures and Methodologies

GEM - The General Enterprise Management approach of One World Information System (OWIS).  The subject of this web resource.

ISO - International Standards Organization

ITMRA - U.S. Information Technology Management Reform Act

MAISY - Multidimensional Analysis System

MOLAP - Multidimensional OLAP

NKMS - Natural Knowledge Management System

OLAP - Online Analytical Processing

OMG - Object Management Group

OTG-IC - OMG Object Technology Group Interoperability Clearinghouse

QSS -- Quality Systems and Software

OWIS - One World Information System ()

ROLAP - Relational OLAP

SE-CMM - System Engineering CMM

SEI - Carnegie Mellon University and DoD Funded Software Engineering Institute

SES - CIM-based Solution Exchange Standard

SES/SIS-CIM - CIM-based Solution Exchange Standard and Service Incident Exchange Standard

SIS - CIM-based Service Incident Exchange Standard

SPMN - Software Project Manager's Network

SW-CMM and SWE-CMM - Software Engineering Capability Maturity Model

WBEM - OMG Web-based Enterprise Management

XML - Extended Markup Language